「髓」缘之情 延续生命 Bone Marrow Transplants Save Lives
Bone Marrow Transplants Save Lives
#阅读测验 #数位·科技·科学 #健康 #安全·医疗
9/13 解析英语
作者 Duncan DeAeth
阅读时间 8分钟
听讲解 听朗读
本图文出处:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...050715484985302MP3:
「髓」缘之情 延续生命 Bone Marrow Transplants Save Lives
某些癌症的许多患者都因癌症本身或像是化疗等疗法而致使血球遭受破坏。
目录 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻译(& 答案)
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Many patients with certain types of cancers suffer from damage to their blood cells due to the cancer itself or treatments like chemotherapy. To help rebuild healthy blood cells, patients often receive bone marrow transplants by using either pluripotent or hematopoietic stem cells.
A bone marrow or stem cell transplant can speed up recovery and boost healthy blood cell production. There are primarily two types of bone marrow transplants: autologous and allogeneic. The former involves using the patient’s own stem cells, while the latter uses stem cells from a matching donor, usually a relative with a compatible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. If someone doesn’t have a close relative with a matching type, there are registries for doctors to seek suitable donors.
Nearly anyone can sign up to become a donor. If a person is matched as a suitable donor after joining a registry, they will undergo a minimally invasive procedure to collect their stem cells mainly through either of the following methods.
Bone marrow harvest
Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection
Doctors use a needle to extract stem cells from liquid bone marrow, often from the hip bone but sometimes from other locations like the chest bone. This is now a widely used method. It involves stimulating the body to release stem cells into the bloodstream through medications. The stem cells are then collected using a machine similar to that used in blood donation.
While some donors might experience discomfort or fatigue after the procedure, most people can regenerate the harvested bone marrow within a month. For the donor, the process is relatively simple. For the recipient, a bone marrow transplant can be life-saving.
If you would like to help people in need of a stem cell transplant, consider joining a registry like the Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center. The group is available for consultations and holds seminars on developments in bone marrow transplant procedures.
1. What is the primary purpose of bone marrow transplants?
(A) To enhance the growth of healthy blood cells.
(B) To prevent the side effects of chemotherapy.
(C) To detect the early signs of certain cancers.
(D) To help combat cancer cells.
2. What distinguishes an autologous bone marrow transplant from an allogeneic transplant?
(A) The method of transplantation.
(B) The type of cancer treated.
(C) The source of stem cells.
(D) The age of the patient.
3. Which of the following is true about harvesting stem cells?
(A) Both methods require donors to take medicine before the donation.
(B) The harvested stem cells will be replaced in about a month.
(C) Usually only a close relative’s stem cells can be harvested.
(D) The procedure is rather dangerous to the donor.
4. According to the passage, what can recipients of bone marrow transplants expect?
(A) Minor discomfort or fatigue.
(B) Minimal impact on overall health.
(C) Reduced risk of cancer recurrence.
(D) Improved production of healthy blood cells.
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
recovery [rɪˋkʌvərɪ]
n. 找回;痊愈,复元
●
donor [ˋdonɚ]
n. 捐赠者
●
donation [doˋneʃən]
n. 捐赠, 捐赠物
●
compatible [kəmˋpætəb!]
a. (电脑) 相容的 ; 可共存的
●
registry [ˋrɛdʒɪstrɪ]
n. 登记名册;登记处
●
undergo [͵ʌndɚˋgo]
vt. 经历;接受(治疗、训练)
●
procedure [prəˋsidʒɚ]
n. 步骤,手续 (与介词 for 并用)
●
harvest [ˋhɑrvɪst]
vt. & n. 收获
●
extract [ɪkˋstrækt]
n. 萃取物
vt. 提炼;摘录;获取(情报、钱)
●
stimulate [ˋstɪmjə͵let]
vt. 刺激 ; 促进 ; 激励
●
regenerate [rɪˋdʒɛnərɪt]
vt. 刷新;重建;再生
vi. 恢复;洗新革面;再生
●
recipient [rɪˋsɪpɪənt]
n. 受领者
a. 接受的
●
consultation [͵kɑnsəlˋteʃən]
n. 谘商 (会)
Extra Words
●
chemotherapy [͵kɛmoˋθɛrəpɪ]
n. 化疗
●
minimally [ˋmɪnɪm!ɪ]
adv. 最低限度地
●
invasive [ɪnˋvesɪv]
a. 侵入的
●
bloodstream [ˋblʌd͵strim]
n. 血流
●
fatigue [fəˋtig]
vt. 使疲劳
n. 疲劳(不可数)
●
seminar [ˋsɛmə͵nɑr]
n. 研讨会,讲座
Practical Phrases
●
suffer from... 饱受(疾病)之苦,罹患(疾病)
My father suffers from diabetes.
我爸爸患有糖尿病。
●
speed up... / speed... up 加速
Speed up, or we’ll be late.
快一点,否则我们会迟到。
●
sign up for... 注册……,报名……
I’m going to sign up for a course on English literature this semester.
这学期我准备选修一门英国文学课程。
I’m planning to sign up for that course this semester.
我这学期计划要修那门课。
More to Learn
transplant n.(器官)移植 &
vt. 移植(器官等)
transplantation n. 移植(不可数)
• Albert will die if he doesn’t have a heart transplant soon.
如果艾伯特不赶快接受心脏移植,他很快就会死掉。
• The doctors transplanted a liver into the patient.
这些医师将肝脏移植到那位病患身上。
字首 trans- 源自拉丁文,表「横越,跨越」或「转变,转换」。在英文中以 trans- 开头的字通常与「越过」或「改变」有关,以下是其他常见的单字:
a. transport n. 运输 &
vt. 运送,运输
• Trains, planes, and trucks transport goods from place to place.
火车、飞机和卡车把货物运送到各地。
transportation n. 交通,运输
• Officials promised to improve public transportation in a year.
官员们承诺要在一年内改善交通运输。
b. transform vt. 使转变,使转化
• The four men transformed the little apartment into a mini palace.
那四个人将那间小公寓改造成迷你宫殿。
transformation n. 转变
• Ken went through a major transformation during college.
阿肯在大学时期经历了很大的转变。
c. transfer n. 转移;调动 &
vt. & vi. 调任;转学;转乘
• Rita has applied for a transfer to the marketing department.
瑞塔已申请转调到行销部。
d. transmit vt. 传播(疾病);传送(讯号)
• According to the experts, the disease is transmitted through the air.
根据专家的说法,这种疾病是透过空气传播。
Grammar Tips
The former involves using the patient’s own stem cells, while the latter uses stem cells from a matching donor, ...
While some donors might experience discomfort or fatigue after the procedure, ...
介绍 while 作连接词的三种重要用法:
※ 表「(然)而」
此时 while 为对等连接词,其所引导的主要子句通常置于另一主要子句之后,前方加逗点,即等于 but 或 whereas,但 whereas 引导的主要子句可置于另一个主要子句之前或之后(上列第一句即属此用法)。
• Ed adores rap music, while his wife can’t stand the sound of it.
艾德很喜欢饶舌乐,但他老婆却受不了那种声音。
※ 表「虽然」
作此义时,while 为副词连接词,即等于 though 或 although,其所引导的副词子句通常置于句首,之后加逗点,再接主要子句。(上列第二句即属此用法)。
• While many people sampled the chocolate, few of them bought any.
虽然许多人都试吃了巧克力,却没多少人买。
※ 表「当……时」
while 作此义时为副词连接词,通常用来表示持续的动作或状态,所引导的副词子句可置于主要子句之前或之后,表「A 动作在进行时,B 动作亦在进行」。
• The dancer suddenly passed out while she was waiting in the wings to go on stage.
那位舞者在舞台边等待上台时突然晕倒了。
在 while 引导的副词子句中,若主词与主要子句的主词相同,此副词子句的主词可以删除,之后的动词就得改成现在分词,但如果该动词是 be 动词,通常会省略。
• Anna burned her hand while (she was) grilling the burger.
安娜在烤汉堡时烫伤了手。
精选试题
Paul keeps alert by chewing gum _____ his truck.
(A) while driven (B) while drives
(C) while driving (D) while he driving
答案:C
中文翻译(& 答案)
「髓」缘之情 延续生命
某些癌症的许多患者都因癌症本身或像是化疗等疗法而致使血球遭受破坏。为了帮助重建健康的血球,患者往往会接受骨髓移植,而骨髓移植是使用多功能干细胞或是造血干细胞。
骨髓移植(或称干细胞移植)能够加速复原,并促进健康血球的生长。主要有两种骨髓移植:自体移植和异体移植。前者涉及使用患者自身的干细胞,后者则使用配对成功之捐赠者的干细胞,捐赠者通常是人类白血球抗原(HLA)类型相符的亲戚。如果没有相符类型的近亲,那么还有登录名册可供医生搜寻适合的捐赠者。
几乎任何人都可以登记成为捐赠者。如果有人在登记后被配对为适合的捐赠者,就会进行微创手术来收集其干细胞,主要是透过下列两种方法其中之一。
骨髓收集
医生使用针筒来取出骨髓液中的干细胞,通常是从髋骨的位置取,但有时也会从其他地方(像是胸骨)抽取。
周边血液干细胞移植
这是现在广泛使用的方法。其涉及透过药物来刺激身体释放干细胞至血液中。接着再透过与类似于捐血所使用的机器来收集干细胞。
虽然一些捐赠者在术后可能会经历一些不适或疲劳,但大多数人在一个月内被收集的骨髓就会再生了。对捐赠者而言,这个过程相对简单。而对受赠者而言,骨髓移植可以挽救生命。
如果你想要帮助需要干细胞移植的人们,考虑在像是慈济骨髓干细胞中心登记吧。这个组织提供谘询,并且会举办骨髓移植手术发展的研讨会。
1. 骨髓移植的主要目的为何?
(A) 促进健康血球的生长。
(B) 预防化疗的副作用。
(C) 侦测某些癌症的早期征兆。
(D) 协助对抗癌细胞。
2. 哪一点使自体骨髓移植和异体移植不同?
(A) 移植的方法。 (B) 所治疗的癌症类型。
(C) 干细胞的来源。 (D) 患者的年龄。
3. 下列关于收集干细胞的叙述,何者正确?
(A) 两种方法都需要捐赠者在捐赠前服用药物。
(B) 被采集之干细胞在约一个月里就会再生。
(C) 通常只有近亲的干细胞能够被采集。
(D) 手术对捐赠者来说相当危险。
4. 根据本文,骨髓移植的受赠者能预期什么事?
(A) 轻微的不适或疲惫。
(B) 对整体健康极小的影响。
(C) 癌症复发的机率减少。
(D) 健康血球生长的改善。
答案: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D