破除流言:睁眼打喷嚏眼球 会飞出去吗? Myth-Busting:Can Your Eyes Pop Out If You Keep Them Open While Sneezing?
Myth-Busting: Can Your Eyes Pop Out If You Keep Them Open While Sneezing?
10/4 解析英语
作者 Nick Kembel
本图文出处:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...062413563560718MP3:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/81q4...MP3.rar?dl=0破除流言:睁眼打喷嚏眼球 会飞出去吗? Myth-Busting: Can Your Eyes Pop Out If You Keep Them Open While Sneezing?
喷嚏释出的高压让某些人猜测如果我们不闭眼，眼睛可能会马上喷出眼窝。
目录 / More to Learn / 中文翻译(& 答案)
科普园地
We’re all familiar with the sensation—it usually starts with a little itch deep inside one of the nostrils . Next comes the awareness that it’s going to happen. Then, achoo! Air erupts out of your nose and/or mouth at an astonishing 100 miles per hour, blasting out whatever was causing the tickling. The high-pressure release of a sneeze has led some people to speculate that if we didn’t close our eyes, they could pop right out of their sockets.
For decades, countless people have tested the theory. Upon finding it almost impossible to keep their eyes open while sneezing, many have concluded that the theory must be true. If you try it yourself, the chances are that your eyes are still where they belong. That’s because they are held securely by the muscles in the sockets. Furthermore, increased pressure released from sneezing actually builds up in the blood vessels, which may cause capillary ruptures but is less likely to cause the eyeballs to pop out.
Why did this myth start, anyway? Some say that it all began in 1882, when the New York Times reported an incident of a woman who burst one of her eyeballs during a sudden sneeze. Others point at the fact that different high-pressure experiences from sneezing, such as childbirth, can cause blood vessels in the eyes to pop. Still others say that closing our eyes when we sneeze is proof itself. Scientists, on the other hand, explain that we close our eyes for the same reason we sneeze—to prevent unwanted irritants from entering our bodies. Either way, as far as we know, there are no actual documented cases of anyone losing an eyeball because of a sneeze, so don’t lose any sleep over it!
1. According to the passage, why won’t eyeballs pop out if eyes are kept open while we sneeze?
(A) They are too small to be affected.
(B) They are held strongly by tiny vessels.
(C) They are fixed firmly in the eye sockets.
(D) They are attached to the brain with blood vessels.
2. What can we infer from the passage?
(A) Sneezes usually cause an itchy nose.
(B) The high pressure caused by a sneeze will be released through breathing.
(C) If you sneeze with your eyes open, it is likely that your body will take in what you blast out.
(D) A woman’s eyeballs may burst if she sneezes with her eyes open while giving birth to a baby.
3. What technique does the author adopt to answer the question “Can your eyes pop out if you keep them open while sneezing?”
(A) Drawing inferences from an incident.
(B) Providing scientific statistics.
(C) Expressing opinions.
(D) Describing facts.
答案: 1.C 2.C 3.D
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
lose [luz]
vt. 丢失;失去
vt. & vi. 输掉
●
document [ˋdɑkjəmənt]
n. （书面或电脑）文件
vt. 记录
●
sensation [sɛnˋseʃən]
n. 感觉， 知觉；轰动（的事情）
●
vessel [ˋvɛs!]
n. 船舰；容器；血管
●
statistics [stəˋtɪstɪks]
n. 统计学（不可数）
●
socket [ˋsɑkɪt]
n. 插座
●
tickle [ˋtɪk!]
.vt. 搔……痒
●
erupt [ɪˋrʌpt]
vi. （暴动、感情等）爆发
●
blast [blæst]
n. 一阵强风 / 气流；爆
vt. & vi. 爆破
●
speculate [ˋspɛkjə͵let]
vi. & vt. 臆测
●
sneeze [sniz]
vi. . 打喷嚏
n. 喷嚏
●
nostril [ˋnɑstrɪl]
n. . 鼻孔
●
inference [ˋɪnfərəns]
n. . 推论
●
itch [ɪtʃ]
vt. & vi. (使)发痒
n. 痒；渴望
●
proof [pruf]
a. 防……的（多用于『名词 -proof』 的复合字）
n. 证明（集合名词，不可数）
●
securely [sɪˋkjʊrlɪ]
adv. 牢固地，紧紧地
●
myth-busting [ `mɪθˌbʌstɪɧ ]
n. 破除流言
●
achoo [əˋtʃu]
int. 哈啾
●
capillary [ˋkæp!͵ɛrɪ]
n. 微血管，毛细管
●
rupture [ˋrʌptʃɚ]
n. 破裂
●
eyeball [ˋaɪ͵bɔl]
n. 眼球
●
childbirth [ˋtʃaɪld͵bɝθ]
n. 分娩，生孩子
●
irritant [ˋɪrətənt]
n. 引发身体不适的刺激物
●
itchy [ˋɪtʃɪ]
n. 发痒
Practical Phrases
●
build up... 堆积……
= pile up...
= amass...
●
some... others... still others... 一些⋯⋯一些⋯⋯另一些⋯⋯（用于非限定的三群）
Some people enjoy reading, others like to listen to music, and still others are fond of exercising.
有些人喜欢阅读，有些人喜欢听音乐，还有些人喜欢运动。
Hobbies vary from person to person. Some enjoy reading. Others love watching movies. Still others have a passion for hiking.
嗜好因人而异。有人享受阅读。有人喜欢看电影。而也有人喜欢健行。
●
take in... / take... in 收留／收养⋯⋯
The old couple took in the child after his parents died in the plane crash.
这对老夫妇在这个孩子的双亲死于空难后收留了他。
●
give birth to a baby 生小孩
●
lose sleep over 担心／忧虑⋯⋯
Seth won’t lose any sleep over tomorrow’s
test since he is well-prepared.
赛斯一点也不担心明天的考试，因为他准备充足。
●
pop out 弹出，跳出
When the magician opened the box, a rabbit popped out.
当那名魔术师打开盒子时，一只兔子跳了出来。
●
an astonishing + 数字 + 复数名词 惊人的⋯⋯
The athlete has won an astonishing 28 medals at the Olympic Games.
那位运动员获得了惊人的二十八面奥运奖牌。
●
(the) chances are + that 子句 很有可能⋯⋯
Chances are that robots will replace humans in the workplace.
机器人未来很有可能在职场中取代人力。
More to Learn
incident [ ˋɪnsədnt ] n. 事件
• As shooting incidents occurred repeatedly, the public urged the authorities to take action.
因为枪击事件一再地发生，民众敦促当局采取行动。
以下介绍其他表「事，事件」的名词:
a. incident 尤指不寻常、重要或暴力的「事件」。
b. accident [ ˋæksədənt ] 表「意外事件;事故」。
• Jeff had a car accident; luckily, he was only slightly injured.
杰夫发生车祸;幸运地是，他只受了轻伤。
c. event [ ɪˋvɛnt ] 尤指重大或不寻常的「事件，大 事」。
• The Super Bowl is a major sporting event throughout the US.
超级杯是一项全美国重大的运动赛事。
d. occurrence [ əˋkɝəns ] 表「发生的事件」，尤用于 表示其频繁与否。
• Flooding is a common occurrence here due to its geographical location.
这里因为地理位置的关系所以很常发生水灾。
e. happening [ ˋhæpənɪŋ ] 表「发生的事(尤指怪 事)」。
• A number of odd happenings took place in that old house.
那栋老房子里曾发生过一些怪事。
f. episode [ ˋɛpə͵sod ] 表一连串事情中的「一起事 件;一段经历」。
• Being posted to Paris is the most memorable episode of Emily’s career.
被派驻到巴黎是艾蜜莉职涯中最难忘的一段经历。
中文翻译(& 答案)
破除流言 : 睁眼打喷嚏眼球会飞出去吗?
我们都很熟悉这种感觉 ─ 通常一开始是一个鼻孔深处觉得有点痒。接着你就会察觉到要发生了。然后，哈啾!气体从你 的鼻子和/或嘴巴以每小时一百英里(约一百六十公里)的惊人速度喷出，并同时喷出让你发痒的东西。喷嚏释出的高压让某些 人猜测如果我们不闭眼，眼睛可能会马上喷出眼窝。
几十年来，有无数人测试过这项理论。一发现人们几乎不可能睁眼打喷嚏时，很多人断定该理论必定是正确的。如果你自 己试试看，很有可能你的眼睛还在原处。那是因为它们被眼窝里的肌肉牢牢地抓着。再者，喷嚏所释放的高压其实是堆积在血管 里，这可能会造成微血管破裂，却不太可能会让眼球飞出去。
那这个迷思到底为何会开始流传呢?有些人说一切都起始于 1882 年，当时《纽约时报》报导了一起事件，一名女子在突然 打喷嚏的时候，一颗眼球爆了出来。另一些人指出，不同于打喷嚏的高压体验(像是分娩)可能会造成眼睛里的血管爆裂。还有 一些人说我们打喷嚏时会闭眼本身就是证明。另一方面，科学家解释道，我们闭眼的原因跟打喷嚏一样 ─ 避免不需要的刺激 物进入体内。不管怎样，就我们所知，并没有实际的案例记载有人因为一个喷嚏就失去一颗眼球，所以别担心啦!
1. 根据本文，为什么我们睁眼打喷嚏眼球不会喷出去? (A) 它们太小了，所以不会受影响。
(B) 它们被微小的血管牢牢地抓着。
(C) 它们被牢牢固定在眼窝中。
(D) 血管把它们跟大脑连接在一起。
2. 我们可以从本文推论出什么?
(A) 打喷嚏通常会让鼻子痒。
(B) 打喷嚏造成的高压会透过呼吸释放出去。
(C) 如果你睁眼打喷嚏，身体可能会吸入你喷出去的东西。
(D) 女性在生产时如果睁眼打喷嚏，眼球可能会爆出来。
3. 作者在回答「睁眼打喷嚏眼球会飞出去吗?」这个问题 时采用了什么技巧?
(A) 从一起事件得出推论。
(B) 提供科学的统计数字。
(C) 阐述意见。
(D) 描述事实。
题解: 本文第二段提到，试着睁眼打喷嚏的话，很有可
能眼睛还在原处，那是因为它们被眼窝里的肌肉 牢牢地抓着，且喷嚏所释放的高压只会堆积在血 管里，这两项叙述为有确实证据的「事实」，故答案应选 (D)。
