NFT:數位藝術新浪潮 NFTs: Exciting Yet Controversial Digital Artworks
「NFT」代表的是什麼? 答案是「non-fungible token(非同質化代幣)」。
作者 Mark Darvill
本圖文出處
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...062414014369639MP3
https://www.dropbox.com/s/1m5g8097ckud9bd/NFT%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%...0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE.rar?dl=0目錄 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
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If you’re someone interested in the world of modern technology, you’ve probably heard of and have a basic knowledge of NFTs. However, among the general public, the world of NFTs remains something of a mystery. Today, we attempt to explain in the most basic possible terms what NFTs are and why they’re so popular.
Let’s deal with the simplest question first: What does “NFT” stand for? The answer is “non-fungible token.” Basically, an NFT is a type of digital certificate that ensures ownership of a digital item. Any unique piece of digital art, whether a JPG, a GIF, a wav, an MP3, or any other file type, can be stored as an NFT using blockchain technology—the same type of technology used to store cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. However, an NFT differs from a unit of a cryptocurrency in that its data are unique and cannot be altered. This uniqueness proves a person’s ownership of an NFT. In this sense, NFTs are much like physical artworks; they hold value and can be bought and sold. Moreover, while an NFT item can be reproduced infinitely, there’s only one original NFT of that digital item and a corresponding owner.
The world’s first NFT, a video clip that was eventually sold by its creator for US$4, was created back in 2014. However, NFTs did not start growing significantly in popularity until 2020. Then, in 2021, NFT trading skyrocketed, with the total trade figure exceeding US$17 billion that year.
NFTs are no stranger to controversy. They have been criticized for the high carbon footprint that comes with the blockchain technology they use and also for their involvement in a number of art-related scams. Nevertheless, recent NFT trading activity suggests that they are here to stay as a powerful player in the global economy.
1. Why is Bitcoin mentioned in the passage?
(A) It is an example of an NFT.
(B) It explains how NFTs are created.
(C) It is what is used to purchase NFTs.
(D) It shares the same technology with NFTs.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about NFTs?
(A) Ownership of NFTs is recorded on the internet.
(B) NFTs only exist in the digital world and can’t be changed.
(C) Digital data that can be stored as NFTs are limited to works of art.
(D) Anyone can make a copy of an NFT image, but there is only one official owner.
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “skyrocketed” in the third paragraph?
(A) Was copied repeatedly.
(B) Increased very rapidly.
(C) Became well known.
(D) Traveled into outer space.
4. Which of the following statements regarding NFTs can be inferred from the last paragraph?
(A) They have a huge impact on the environment.
(B) They will likely fall out of favor soon.
(C) They bring more good than bad.
(D) They can be used to stop crime.
答案:1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
involvement [ɪnˋvɑlvmənt]
n. 牽涉(不可數)
●
alter [ˋɔltɚ]
vt. 修改(衣服)
vt. & vi. 改變
●
exceed [ɪkˋsid]
vt. 超過
●
controversy [ˋkɑntrə͵vɝsɪ]
n. 爭議
●
controversial [͵kɑntrəˋvɝʃəl]
a. 有爭議的
●
certificate [sɚˋtɪfəkət]
n. 證明 ; 證書
●
token [ˋtokən]
vt. . 代幣;(情感的)表示
●
reproduce [͵riprəˋd(j)us]
vi. & vt. 生殖,繁殖
vt. 複製,翻印
●
ownership [ˋonɚ͵ʃɪp]
n. 所有權
●
significantly [sɪgˋnɪfəkəntlɪ]
adv. 顯著地
●
artwork [ˋɑrt͵wɝk]
n. 藝術品
●
uniqueness [juˋniknɪs]
n. 獨特性
●
infinitely [ˋɪnfənɪtlɪ]
adv. 無限地
●
corresponding [͵kɔrɪˋspɑndɪŋ]
a. 相應的
●
skyrocket [ˋskaɪ͵rɑkɪt]
vi. 飆漲
●
fungible [ˋfʌndʒəb!]
a. 同質的,易於(與同類或同價物品)交換(或交易)的
●
blockchain [ˈblɒktʃeɪn]
n. 區塊鏈
●
cryptocurrency [ `krIpto:kRJnsI ]
n. 加密貨幣
●
scam [ˋskæm]
n. 詐騙,騙局
●
fall out of favor
不再受歡迎
●
JPG
一種圖片檔格式(最常被用來儲存和傳輸相片的格式)
●
GIF
圖像互換格式(動圖的檔案格式)
Practical Phrases
●
something of a+ N 多少有點⋯⋯,頗有幾分⋯⋯
After receiving the award, Mike found himself something of a celebrity.
在獲得該獎後,麥克發現自己多少有點像名人。
●
In this sense, S + V 就這種意義來說,⋯⋯
The man saved the family from the house on fire. In this sense, he deserves a medal.
那名男子從著火的房子中救出了那一家人。就此意義上來說,他值得獲頒一枚勳章。
●
be no stranger to N 對⋯⋯不陌生/司空見慣
Mary is no stranger to hard times because she came from a life of poverty.
瑪麗出身清寒,所以對苦日子早已司空見慣。
●
be here to stay (某物)大幅流行/被廣泛使用
Smartphones are here to stay because they improve people’s lives.
智慧型手機因改善了人們的生活而被廣泛使用。
More to Learn
in the most basic possible terms 用最基本的話來說
• During the class, the professor explained the theory in the most basic possible terms.
教授在課堂上以最基本的話來解釋這個理論。
the most basic possible 意思是「最基本的」,用法如下:
the + 最高級形容詞 + possible 最⋯⋯的
• The worst possible thing that can happen while you’re skydiving is for your parachute not to open.
在高空跳傘時可能會發生的最壞情況就是你的降落傘打 不開。
“in + Adj. + terms” 可以指「用......(的話)來說」 或「從......方面∕角度來說」,在此片語中,terms 恆用複數。以下介紹常見的搭配用法:
a. in simple terms 用簡單的話說
in broad terms 廣義而言;粗略地說
in general terms 一般而言
in practical terms 就現實來說,實際上
• Tyson is most famous for his love of science and ability to explain complex ideas in simple terms.
泰森最為人所知的是他對科學的熱愛,以及他能夠 以簡單的話來解釋複雜想法。
• In practical terms, a job with a higher salary is what you need now.
就現實來說,你現在正需要的是一份薪水較高的工作。
b. in military / financial / economic / political / artistic terms 從軍事/財政/經濟/政治/藝術角度來說
• In military terms, the US is one of the best.
從軍事角度來說,美國是最棒的其中一個。
• In artistic terms, the painter’s use of color is beyond compare.
以藝術的觀點來看,這名畫家的用色無人能及。
Grammar Tips
Let’s deal with the simplest question first: What does “NFT” stand for?
... can be stored as an NFT using blockchain technology—the same type of technology...
In this sense, NFTs are much like physical artworks; they hold value and can be bought and sold.
介紹三個「連接符號」的用法
常用來連接兩句的標點符號有三個:
冒號(:)、長劃符號(—)、分號(;)
※ 冒號:後面可以是單詞、片語或完整的句子。
a. 用來介紹一個或多個項目。
• All our drinks come in three sizes: small, medium, and large. 我們所有飲品都有三種大小:小杯、中杯和大杯。
b. 用來分隔兩個獨立的子句,用來強調、說明、改寫 或延伸前面的句子,如上方第一句的用法。
• There is only one goal of this meeting: We have to decide on our new logo.
這場會議只有一個目標:我們必須決定新的商標。
※ 長劃符號:用於連接句子或同位語。
a. 連接句子時,用來強調或補充第一個子句的意思。
• That part of the form is for US citizens—it doesn’t apply to you.
表格的那個部分是給美國公民填的 ── 你不適用。
b. 連接同位語,如上方第二句用法。
• Tiffany is going on a business trip to two cities in China—Beijing and Shanghai.
蒂芬妮正到中國的兩座城市出差 ── 北京和上海。
※ 分號:此類符號在文章中較常出現。
a. 等於「逗點 + 連接詞(and、so、but...)」,如上方第三句用法。
• Don’t wake the baby up; let him sleep.
別叫醒寶寶;讓他睡吧。
b. 陳列多個或一系列不同項目,且項目中包含逗號或 項目相對長且性質較複雜時,可用分號取代逗點。
• There are many natural wonders around the world: the Great Blue Hole, Belize; Giant’s Causeway, Northern Ireland; the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; and Mount Everest, Nepal.
世界上有許多自然奇觀:貝里斯大藍洞、北愛爾蘭巨人堤道、澳洲大堡礁,以及尼泊爾聖母峰。
精選試題
The television is too noisy _____ turn it down.
(A) ,
(B) :
(C) ;
(D) — so
答案:C
中文翻譯(& 答案)
NFT : 數位藝術新浪潮
如果你是一個對現代科技世界有興趣的人,那你或許聽 過 NFT,也可能對它有基本的認識。然而,在普羅大眾之 間,NFT 的世界仍多少有些神祕。今天,我們就試著以最基 本的話來解釋 NFT 是什麼,以及它們為何如此受歡迎。
我們先來處理最簡單的問題:「NFT」代表的是什麼? 答案是「non-fungible token(非同質化代幣)」。基本上, NFT 是一種數位憑證,確保某個數位物品的所有權。任何 特別的數位藝術 ─ 不論是 JPG 檔、GIF 檔、WAV 檔、 MP3 檔或任何其他類型的檔案,都能夠使用區塊鏈來將其 儲存為NFT,而區塊鏈和用來儲存如比特幣等加密貨幣的技 術是同類型的科技。然而,NFT 與加密貨幣不同的地方在 於,其資料是獨有的,且無法被修改。這種獨有性證明了一 個人對某個 NFT 的所有權。在這個層面上,NFT 就更像是 實體的藝術作品;它們有價值、可以被買賣。再者,雖然一 個NFT 物件可以被無限複製,但該數位物件的原始 NFT 只 有一份,且只有一位相應的擁有者。
世上首個 NFT 於 2014 年創造,是一支其創造者最終 以四美元價格售出的影片。然而,NFT 一直到 2020 年才大 幅爆紅。接著於 2021 年,NFT交易量大增,當年交易總金 額超過一百七十億美元。
NFT 的爭議也沒少過。一直以來,它們都以所使用的區 塊鏈科技所帶來的高碳足跡、以及它們涉及數起和藝術相關 的詐騙而飽受批評。然而,近期NFT 交易活動顯示出它們 會以身為全球經濟中的重要角色而流行著。
1. 為何本文提及比特幣?
(A) 它是 NFT 的一個例子。
(B) 它解釋了 NFT 是如何創造出來的。
(C) 它被用來購買 NFT。
(D) 它與 NFT 使用相同科技。
2. 下列關於 NFT 的敘述何者錯誤?
(A) NFT 的所有權記錄在網路上。
(B) NFT 只存在於數位世界,且不能被更改。
(C) 能夠被儲存為 NFT 的數位資料僅限於藝術作品。
(D) 每個人都可以複製一張 NFT 的圖像,但只有一個正式的擁有者。
3. 下列何者最接近第三段 “skyrocketed” 一字的意思?
(A) 一再被複製。
(B) 增加得十分迅速。
(C) 變得很有名。
(D) 旅行到外太空。
4. 從本文最後一段可推測出下列何者關於 NFT 的敘述?
(A) 它們對於環境有很大的影響。
(B) 它們可能很快就不受歡迎了。
(C) 它們帶來的好處比壞處更多。
(D) 它們可以被用來阻止犯罪。